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Description: In people with Leber congenital amaurosis, the RPE65 protein, critical for visual function, is not made due to mutations in the corresponding RPE65 gene. Fixing the problem requires isolating the segment of DNA corresponding to normal RPE65 gene and packaging it into a vector made from a virus. The gene–containing vector is injected into the eyeball under the retina, between the retinal pigment epithelium and choroid where it enters the cells of the retina. The vector releases the normal RPE65 gene segment. Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health View Animation (60 second Quicktime) Ref#: VA06 |
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Description: Animation of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). AMD is a vision problem of the retina or light sensitive layer of the eye in older individuals. Yellowish deposits (drusen) form, resulting in distortion and gradual blurring of vision. In advanced cases, blind spots develop that grow larger as the disease progresses. There are two types of AMD, classified as "wet" and "dry." The most common form is the dry type. Wet AMD, as seen in the animation, occurs when blood vessels growing up from beneath the retina leak blood. Leaked blood pushes on the light receptor cells resulting in damage to the retina. Video Caption(Video only; no audio.) Children are playing in a play lot. As the video progresses, the children are distorted and the bright colors and strong contrast in the children's clothes fade becoming less focused. In this simulation, how a person with AMD sees the world is presented graphically. As the disease progresses the area of central vision deteriorates. The gradual destruction of light sensitive cells continues until large areas are totally lost. Peripheral vision remains, but the ability to clearly see straight ahead is gradually lost. Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health View Animation (15 second MPEG) View Animation (15 second Quicktime) Ref#: VA05 |
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Description: Video illustration of changes in the eye associated with AMD. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in older Americans. It affects the retina, the light sensitive layer of the eye. As yellowish deposits form under the retina, they can result in distortion and gradual blurring of vision. This is called "dry AMD." The second type, called "wet AMD" can lead to bleeding and more rapid vision loss. The most common form is the dry type, but as more and larger deposits develop under the retina, the risk of developing the wet type increases. Video Caption: (Video only; no audio.) The animation begins with a close-up of the face of an elderly woman. The face fades as the camera begins to zoom in on her right eye. The zoom continues and as the eye fills the screen, the front half disappears to reveal the light sensitive retinal layer at the back of the eye. Small yellowish deposits known as drusen are seen forming under the retina blurring the sharp central area of vision or macula. Individual drusen, coalesce forming larger areas of damage. Blood vessels growing up from below the retina leak blood under the retina. Pressure from these pockets of blood, damage the light sensing cells, destroying the ability to see straight ahead. Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health View Animation (15 second MPEG) View Animation (15 second Quicktime) Ref#: VA03 |
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Description: Video illustration of changes in the eye associated with AMD combined with a vision simulation. Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in older Americans. It affects the retina, the light sensitive layer of the eye. As yellowish deposits form under the retina, they can result in distortion and gradual blurring of vision. This is called "dry AMD." The second type, called "wet AMD" can lead to bleeding and more rapid vision loss. The most common form is the dry type, but as more and larger deposits develop under the retina, the risk of developing the wet type increases. Video Caption: (Video only; no audio.) The animation begins with a close-up of the face of an elderly woman. The face fades as the camera begins to zoom in on her right eye. The zoom continues and as the eye fills the screen, the front half disappears to reveal the light sensitive retinal layer at the back of the eye. Small yellowish deposits known as drusen are seen forming under the retina blurring the sharp central area of vision or macula. Individual drusen, coalesce forming larger areas of damage. Blood vessels growing up from below the retina leak blood under the retina. Pressure from these pockets of blood, damage the light sensing cells, destroying the ability to see straight ahead. The progress of AMD is repeated with the development of drusen and later, pockets of blood under the retina, as shown in the inset in the upper right. The main image is a simulation of what the individual sees as the disease progresses. AMD disease progress and gradual vision loss are presented concurrently in the last part of the animation. Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health View Animation (22 second MPEG) View Animation (22 second Quicktime) Ref#: VA04 |
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Description: A child with amblyopia is sending unequal signals from each eye to the brain. As shown in this animation, neuro-electrical signals travel along pathways from the eye to the brain. The unaffected right eye is sending strong signals. The eye with amblyopia, the left eye, is sending fewer neuro-electrical signals. If untreated, the pathways through which these signals travel may weaken and not develop properly, damaging the child’s vision.
Placing a patch over the unaffected eye for several weeks will stimulate and strengthen the signals from the eye with amblyopia leading to more normal nerve function in the brain, which improves vision in that eye. Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health View Animation (14 second MPEG) View Animation (14 second Quicktime) View Animation (30 second Quicktime) Ref#: VA02 |
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Description: Video illustration of retinopathy of prematurity ROP: ROP develops when normal blood vessel growth stops in the retina, nerve tissue that lines the back of the eye. In the worst situation, the normal blood vessels are replaced by abnormal vessels, which then may spread throughout the retina and into the center of the eye (vitreous). The scarring and bleeding may lead to retinal detachment, resulting in severe vision loss. Video Caption: (Video only; no audio.) A close up of an infant's face. The camera begins to zoom in on the child's left eye. The zoom continues until the eye fills the screen at which point the image morphs into an animation of the child's eye. The animation then rotates to reveal a side cross-section of the child's eye. The animation continues illustrating abnormal blood vessel development leading to scarring, bleeding and possible retinal detachment. Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health View Animation Ref#: VA01 |
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